Coherence and cohesion
Make your writing easy to follow: one idea per paragraph, logical order, and linking words used accurately rather than mechanically.
বাংলায় সারাংশ (Bangla summary)
লেখা সহজবোধ্য করুন: প্রতি অনুচ্ছেদে একটি ধারণা, যৌক্তিক ক্রম, এবং linking words সঠিকভাবে ব্যবহার।
By the end of this lesson you can
- Write paragraphs with a clear central topic
- Use linking words for their correct meaning
- Use reference words (this, these, such) to avoid repetition
Coherence: logical organisation
Coherence is about the big picture: is your position clear, does each paragraph have one central topic, and do ideas move logically from one to the next?
Start each body paragraph with a topic sentence that tells the reader what the paragraph is about.
Cohesion: the links between sentences
Cohesion is about the small links: linking words (however, as a result, for instance), reference words (this, it, these problems) and substitution ("cars… such vehicles").
Overusing linking words is a common problem. Starting every sentence with "Moreover" or "Furthermore" sounds mechanical and can lower the score.
Mechanical versus natural linking
Mechanical: Firstly, cars cause pollution. Secondly, cars cause noise. Thirdly, cars cause accidents. Moreover, cars are expensive.
Natural: Cars are a major source of pollution and noise in cities. These problems are made worse by traffic jams, which keep engines running for longer.
Guided practice
Choose the correct linking word.
Practise on your own
Answer on your own.
Mini test
Check what you learned. Wrong answers go to your mistake notebook for revision.