Longer sentences with relative and adverb clauses
Combine ideas into one accurate sentence with who, which, that, when, while and although: the range examiners look for.
বাংলায় সারাংশ (Bangla summary)
who, which, that, when, while, although ব্যবহার করে দুটি ধারণা একটি সঠিক বাক্যে যুক্ত করুন।
By the end of this lesson you can
- Use relative clauses with who, which and that
- Use adverb clauses of time, reason and contrast
- Punctuate defining and non-defining clauses correctly
Relative clauses add information about a noun
Use "who" for people and "which" for things. "That" can replace either in a defining clause. "Students who work part-time often sleep less." Here the clause tells us which students.
A non-defining clause adds extra information and sits between commas: "My brother, who lives in Sylhet, is a nurse." You cannot use "that" in a non-defining clause.
Adverb clauses show how ideas connect
Time: when, while, after, before, until, as soon as. Reason: because, since, as. Contrast: although, even though, while, whereas. Condition: if, unless, provided that.
If the adverb clause comes first, put a comma after it: "Although the course is free, few people finish it." If it comes second, you usually need no comma: "Few people finish the course although it is free."
Two short sentences become one
Short: Many cities have built cycle lanes. These lanes have reduced traffic.
Combined: Many cities have built cycle lanes, which have reduced traffic.
Short: The bridge was expensive. It was finished early.
Combined: Although the bridge was expensive, it was finished early.
Combining shows grammatical range, which is one of the four Writing criteria.
Guided practice
Choose the correct word.
Practise on your own
Choose the best combined sentence.
Mini test
Check what you learned. Wrong answers go to your mistake notebook for revision.